Legislation is not enough: What it takes to create an Environmental Urban Management Initiative in Egypt

Since Egypt is one of Africa's most populous nations, its struggle to boost its economic performance while achieving sustainable development is now guided by a pioneering legislation which provides an interesting case that merits investigation in international fora. This paper, therefore aims to shed light on Egypt's Environmental Law 4 of 1994 while making the case for an Environmental Urban Management Initiative (EUMI) that should to capitalize on the merits of an enabling legislation. The framework of analysis posits the hypothesis that environmental legislation can jump start an EUMI only if its enforcement is mindful of 4 "i's," namely, institutions, investment, incentives, and information. In consequence, and based on literature reviews with key personnel, an analytical critique identifying the most salient caveats of the law in light of the 4 "i's" will follow. The ensuing synthesis of the findings will be crowned by a list of recommendations to guide the possible establishment of an EUMI in the future.

Stability of multi antipeakon-peakons profile

The Camassa-Holm equation possesses well-known peaked solitary waves that can travel to both directions. The positive ones travel to the right and are called peakon whereas the negative ones travel to the left and are called antipeakons. Their orbital stability has been established by Constantin and Strauss in \cite{CS1}. In \cite{EL2} we have proven the stability of trains of peakons. Here, we continue this study by extending the stability result to the case of ordered trains of anti-peakons and peakons

Stochastic Optimal Control and BSDEs with Logarithmic Growth

In this paper, we study the existence of an optimal strategy for the stochastic control of diffusion in general case and a saddle-point for zero-sum stochastic differential games. The problem is formulated as an extended BSDE with logarithmic growth in the $z$-variable and terminal value in some $L^p$ space. We also show the existence and uniqueness of solution of this BSDE.Comment: 20 page

Impossible Antecedents and Their Consequences: Some Thirteenth-Century Arabic Discussions

The principle that a necessarily false proposition implies any proposition, and that a necessarily true proposition is implied by any proposition, was apparently first propounded in twelfth century Latin logic, and came to be widely, though not universally, accepted in the fourteenth century. These principles seem never to have been accepted, or even seriously entertained, by Arabic logicians. In the present paper I explore some thirteenth century Arabic discussions of conditionals with impossible antecedents. The Persian-born scholar Afdal al-Dīn al-Khūnajī (d.1248) suggested the novel idea that two contradictory propositions may follow from the same impossible antecedent, and closely related to this point, he suggested that if an antecedent implied a consequent, then it would do so no matter how it was strengthened. These ideas led him, and those who followed him, to reject what has come to be known as ‘Aristotle’s thesis’ that nothing is implied by its own negation. Even these suggestions were widely resisted. Particularly influential were the counter-arguments of Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Tūṣī (d.1274).Near Eastern Languages and Civilization